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Performance evaluation of waste electrical and electronic equipment disassembly layout configurations

Ozan Capraz, Olcay Polat, Askiner Gungor

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0992-9

摘要： Recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is crucially important since it handles hazardous waste according to ever tightening laws and regulations and it adds benefits to economy and sustainable environment. Disassembly is one of the most important processes performed during the recovery of WEEE. The overall goal of disassembly is to maximize the retrieval of various metals and plastics contained in WEEE in order to reduce their negative effects on human health and environmental sustainability and to increase economic gains. This study aims to evaluate alternative layout configurations for WEEE disassembly systems (WDS). In this context, various configurations were compared in terms of pre-defined performance criteria, such as the total number of disassembled WEEE and the total revenue from sales, using simulation models. The results of this study show that the performance of a WDS was significantly affected by output transfer systems along with the specialization of operators on certain types of WEEE.

关键词： WEEE     Recovery     Disassembly     Layout planning     Simulation    

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Managing economic and social profit of cooperative models in three-echelon reverse supply chain for wasteelectrical and electronic equipment

Jian Li, Zhen Wang, Bao Jiang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0999-2

摘要： In addition to maximizing economic benefits, reverse supply chains should further seek to maximize social benefits by increasing the quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The paper investigates cooperative models with different parties in a three-echelon reverse supply chain for WEEE consisting of a single collector, a single remanufacturer, and two retailers based on complete information. In addition, the optimal decisions of four cooperative models and the effect of the market demand of remanufactured WEEE products and the market share of two retailers on the optimal decisions are discussed. The results indicate that optimal total channel profit and recycle quantity in a reverse supply chain are maximized in a centralized model. The optimal total channel profit and recycle quantity increase with an increase in the market demand of remanufactured WEEE products. The three-echelon reverse supply chain consisting of duopolistic retailers maximizes total channel profit and recycle quantity in a reverse supply chain for WEEE.

关键词： Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)     Reverse supply chains     Recycle quantity     Social benefit     Cooperative models     Duopolistic retailers    

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Recycling Materials from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Jinhui Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-1001-z

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An updated review and conceptual model for optimizing WEEE management in China from a life cycle perspective

Xiaolong Song, Jingwei Wang, Jianxin Yang, Bin Lu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0985-8

摘要： Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is a rapidly growing category of solid waste. China is now facing WEEE problems from both growing domestic generation and illegal imports. Currently, the amount of WEEE formally treated has increased steadily in China. The layout of the formal sector has been basically completed. Meanwhile, by controlling illegal disassembly activities, the informal sector has been gradually transformed to formal one. Beginning with the overview of the WEEE recycling industry in China, this paper first lists the latest progress in WEEE management from such aspects as the new edition of China RoHS Directive (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive), the updated WEEE Treatment List, the updated WEEE fund standard, the revised National Hazardous Waste List, and a brand-new plan on extended producer responsibility. In so doing, we elucidate the current challenges on WEEE management in detail: the imbalance between fund levies and subsidies, the gap in the supervision scope, the homogenization of recycling industry and the lack of life cycle approaches. Finally, a conceptual framework for integrated management of WEEE is proposed from a life cycle perspective. Overall, the life cycle management of WEEE includes three aspects: developing life cycle information for decision-making, implementing life cycle engineering with life cycle tools, and improving WEEE legislation based on life cycle thinking. By providing specific operating strategies, this life cycle framework should help to optimize WEEE management in developing countries where legislation is imperfect and the recycling system is relatively immature.

关键词： Waste electrical and electronic equipment     E-waste     Life cycle management     China    

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Comparison on End-of-Life strategies of WEEE in China based on LCA

Bin Lu, Xiaolong Song, Jianxin Yang, Dong Yang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0994-7

摘要： As the Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) are upgraded more frequently in China, a large quantity of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) was and will be generated. It becomes an urgent issue to develop and adopt an effective End-of-Life (EoL) strategy for EEE in order to balance the resource recovery and environmental impacts. In an EoL strategy hierarchy for EEE, reuse strategy is usually deemed to be prior to materials recovery and other strategies. But in practice, the advantages and disadvantages of different strategies are always context-dependent. Therefore, main EoL strategies for EEE in China need to be evaluated in environment and resources aspects from the life cycle perspective. In this study, the obsolete refrigerator and Power Supply Unit (PSU) of desktop PC are both taken as the target products. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is applied to assess the environmental impacts of different EoL scenarios in China: Unit Reuse Scenario (URS), Component Reuse Scenario (CRS) and Materials Recovery Scenario (MRS). The LCA results show that the EoL strategies hierarchy is reasonable for the part of computer, but not necessarily suitable for obsolete refrigerators. When the policy makers promote or demote one EoL strategy especially reuse, it is necessary to take subsequent impacts into consideration.

关键词： End-of-Life     Waste electrical and electronic equipment     Life cycle assessment     Reuse    

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Pyrolysis of WEEE plastics using catalysts produced from fly ash of coal gasification

Marika Benedetti, Lorenzo Cafiero, Doina De Angelis, Alessandro Dell’Era, Mauro Pasquali, Stefano Stendardo, Riccardo Tuffi, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0998-3

摘要： Catalytic pyrolysis of thermoplastics extracted from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) was investigated using various fly ash-derived catalysts. The catalysts were prepared from fly ash by a simple method that basically includes a mechanical treatment followed by an acid or a basic activation. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using various analytical techniques. The results showed that not treated fly ash (FA) is characterized by good crystallinity, which in turn is lowered by mechanical and chemical treatment (fly ash after mechanical and acid activation, FAMA) and suppressed almost entirely down to let fly ash become completely amorphous (fly ash after mechanical and basic activation FAMB). Simultaneously, the surface area resulted increased. Subsequently, FA, FAMB and FAMA were used in the pyrolysis of a WEEE plastic sample at 400°C and their performance were compared with thermal pyrolysis at the same temperature. The catalysts principally improve the light oil yield: from 59wt.% with thermal pyrolysis to 83 wt.% using FAMB. The formation of styrene in the oil is also increased: from 243 mg/g with thermal pyrolysis to 453 mg/g using FAMB. As a result, FAMB proved to be the best catalyst, thus producing also the lowest and the highest amount of char and gas, respectively.

关键词： Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) plastic mixture     Pyrolysis     Catalyst     Fly ash     Oil    

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Improvement potential of today’s WEEE recycling performance: The case of LCD TVs in Belgium

Paul Vanegas, Jef R. Peeters, Dirk Cattrysse, Wim Dewulf, Joost R. Duflou

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-1000-0

摘要： Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) constitutes one of the most relevant waste streams because of the quantity and presence of valuable materials. However, there is limited knowledge on the resource potential of urban mining WEEE, as data on material composition, and the efficiency of current recycling treatments are still scarce. In this article, an evaluation of the recycling performance at a national level for one of the fastest growing e-waste streams: LCD TVs is carried out through the following four steps. Firstly, material characterisation is performed by means of sampling of the waste stream. Secondly, a material flow analysis is conducted by evaluating the separation performance of a recycling plant in Belgium. Thirdly, the recovered economic value and avoided environmental impact (EI) of the analysed recycling system is assessed. Finally, the potential of urban mining for Belgium is forecasted. The analysis shows that while recycling performance for ferrous metals and aluminium are relatively high; there is substantial room to better close the material loops for precious metals (PM) and plastics. PMs and plastics account for 66 % of the economic value in LCD TVs and 57% of the EI. With the current, commonly applied recycling technology only one-third of the PM and housing plastics are recycled; meaning that for these materials, at a national level for Belgium, there is a potential for improvement that represents 3.3 million euros in 2016 and 6.8 million euros in 2025.

关键词： Recycling     Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)     Material flow analysis     LCD TVs     Precious metals     Plastics    

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我国电子废弃物处理处置技术路线选择研究

阎利,刘应宗,王靖

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第5期   页码 79-83

摘要：

我国电子废弃物的处理处置正向产业化方向稳步推进。概述了国内外电子废弃物处理处置技术现状。遵照循环经济理念，基于我国国情，提出了我国在电子废弃物处理处置技术路线选择中应遵循的主要原则，建立了工艺流程的概念模型。分析了我国在实施该技术路线中可能遇到的障碍并给出了解决建议。

关键词： 电子废弃物     处理与处置     技术路线     工艺流程     循环经济    

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Thermal degradation characteristics and products obtained after pyrolysis of specific polymers found in WasteElectrical and Electronic Equipment

Evangelia C. Vouvoudi, Aristea T. Rousi, Dimitris S. Achilias

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0996-5

摘要： Modern societies strongly support the recycling practices over simple waste accumulation due to environmental harm caused. In the framework of sustainable recycling of plastics from WEEE, pyrolysis is proposed here as a means of obtaining secondary value-added products. The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal degradation and the products obtained after pyrolysis of specific polymers found in the plastic part of WEEE, using thermogravimetric analysis and a pyrolizer equipped with a GC/MS. Polymers studied include ABS, HIPS, PC and a blend having a composition similar to that appearing in WEEE. It was found that, PC shows greater heat endurance compared to the other polymers, whereas ABS depolymerizes in three-steps. The existence of several polymers in the blend results in synergistic effects which decrease the onset and final temperature of degradation. Moreover, the fragmentation occurred in the pyrolyzer, at certain temperatures, resulted in a great variety of compounds, depending on the polymer type, such as monomers, aromatic products, phenolic compounds and hydrocarbons. The main conclusion from this investigation is that pyrolysis could be an effective method for the sustainable recycling of the plastic part of WEEE resulting in a mixture of chemicals with varying composition but being excellent to be used as fuel retrieved from secondary recycling sources.

关键词： Pyrolysis     WEEE recycling     ABS     HIPS     PC     Py-GC/MS     TGA    

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Electrochemistry during efficient copper recovery from complex electronic waste using ammonia based solutions

Zhi Sun, Hongbin Cao, Prakash Venkatesan, Wei Jin, Yanping Xiao, Jilt Sietsma, Yongxiang Yang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 308-316 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1587-x

摘要： Leaching selectivity during metal recovery from complex electronic waste using a hydrochemical process is always one of the generic issues. It was recently improved by using ammonia-based leaching process, specifically for electronic waste enriched with copper. This research proposes electrodeposition as the subsequent approach to effectively recover copper from the solutions after selective leaching of the electronic waste and focuses on recognising the electrochemical features of copper recovery. The electrochemical reactions were investigated by considering the effects of copper concentration, scan rate and ammonium salts. The diffusion coefficient, charge transfer coefficient and heterogeneous reaction constant of the electrodeposition process were evaluated in accordance with different solution conditions. The results have shown that electrochemical recovery of copper from ammonia-based solution under the conditions of selective electronic waste treatment is charge transfer controlled and provide bases to correlate the kinetic parameters with further optimisation of the selective recovery of metals from electronic waste.

关键词： copper recovery     electronic waste     end-of-life products     selective leaching     electrodeposition    

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机电装备的失效分析、安全评定和无损检测

钟群鹏,武淮生,张峥,田永江

《中国工程科学》 1999年 第1卷 第1期   页码 43-48

摘要：

从认识论的高度阐明失效、失效分析和预防在人类科学技术发展中的属性、地位和作用。失效分析和预防具有多学科交叉综合的属性，它的发展依赖于应用学科、应用基础学科、甚至于基础学科的发展，但又对它们的发展起重要反转作用和影响。因此，它是科学技术第一生产力中最积极、最活跃的因素之一。从方法论的角度进一步叙述了失效分析与失效预防之间的辩证关系。失效分析是一种事后的逆向思维过程，它是从异常现象（结果）到因素（模式、原因和机理）的反向科技探索，而失效预防（安全评定）则是从因素到结果的一种事先的正向思维过程。逆向思维与正向思维协同并用，事后分析转化为事先分析，构成科学技术研究活动和科技发展的全过程，两者不可偏废。综述了失效分析和失效预防（安全评定）的主要内容、技术、方法和它们的发展趋势，并提出它们与无损检测技术之间的关系。

关键词： 机电装备     失效分析     安全评定     无损检测    

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Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1407-5

摘要：

• Implication of COVID-19 on medical waste and MSW generation is studied.

关键词： COVID-19     Medical waste     Personal protective equipment     Municipal solid waste     Waste management    

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Recycling polymeric waste from electronic and automotive sectors into value added products

Abhishek Kumar, Veena Choudhary, Rita Khanna, Romina Cayumil, Muhammad Ikram-ul-Haq, Veena Sahajwalla, Shiva Kumar I. Angadi, Ganapathy E. Paruthy, Partha S. Mukherjee, Miles Park

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0991-x

摘要： The environmentally sustainable disposal and recycling of ever increasing volumes of electronic waste has become global waste management issue. The addition of up to 25% polymeric waste PCBs (printed circuit boards) as fillers in polypropylene (PP) composites was partially successful: while the tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of composites were enhanced, the tensile and impact strengths were found to decrease. As a lowering of impact strength can significantly limit the application of PP based composites, it is necessary to incorporate impact modifying polymers such as rubbery particles in the mix. We report on a novel investigation on the simultaneous utilization of electronic and automotive rubber waste as fillers in PP composites. These composites were prepared by using 25 wt.% polymeric PCB powder, up to 9% of ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), and PP: balance. The influence of EPR on the structural, thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of PP/PCB/EPR composites was investigated. While the addition of EPR caused the nucleation of the β crystalline phase of PP, the onset temperature for thermal degradation was found to decrease by 8%. The tensile modulus and strength decreased by 16% and 19%, respectively; and the elongation at break increased by ~71%. The impact strength showed a maximum increase of ~18% at 7 wt.%–9 wt.% EPR content. Various rheological properties were found to be well within the range of processing limits. This novel eco-friendly approach could help utilize significant amounts of polymeric electronic and automotive waste for fabricating valuable polymer composites.

关键词： E-waste     Polymer composites     Recycling     Rubber     Waste PCBs     Filler    

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中国电子雷管技术与应用

颜景龙

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第1期   页码 36-41

摘要：

从2006年长江三峡围堰拆除爆破工程中首次在中国应用电子雷管以来，安全、可靠、精准、环保等电子雷管与生俱来的特点和优势已经获得爆破专家们的广泛认可。详细论述了中国电子雷管近十年来的技术发展和市场应用现状，对现阶段中国电子雷管的性能指标、标准体系、专利知识产权等方面进行了统计分析，从产业化推广应用和工程使用方面进行了总结，最后对电子雷管的发展给出了几点建议。可以看出，随着国内工程爆破技术的发展进步和电子雷管产品的日趋成熟，电子雷管的应用优势和价值日益凸显，中国电子雷管的春天将会很快到来。

关键词： 电子雷管；数码电子雷管；数码雷管    

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EEG-controlled functional electrical stimulation rehabilitation for chronic stroke: system design and

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 740-749 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0794-5

摘要： Stroke is one of the most serious diseases that threaten human life and health. It is a major cause of death and disability in the clinic. New strategies for motor rehabilitation after stroke are undergoing exploration. We aimed to develop a novel artificial neural rehabilitation system, which integrates brain--computer interface (BCI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) technologies, for limb motor function recovery after stroke. We conducted clinical trials (including controlled trials) in 32 patients with chronic stroke. Patients were randomly divided into the BCI-FES group and the neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) group. The changes in outcome measures during intervention were compared between groups, and the trends of ERD values based on EEG were analyzed for BCI-FES group. Results showed that the increase in Fugl Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and Kendall Manual Muscle Testing (Kendall MMT) scores of the BCI-FES group was significantly higher than that in the sham group, which indicated the practicality and superiority of the BCI-FES system in clinical practice. The change in the laterality coefficient (LC) values based on μ-ERD (ΔLCm-ERD) had high significant positive correlation with the change in FMA-UE(r= 0.6093, P=0.012), which provides theoretical basis for exploring novel objective evaluation methods.

关键词： brain–computer interface     functional electrical stimulation     electroencephalogram     laterality coefficient     chronic stroke    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Performance evaluation of waste electrical and electronic equipment disassembly layout configurations

Ozan Capraz, Olcay Polat, Askiner Gungor

期刊论文

Managing economic and social profit of cooperative models in three-echelon reverse supply chain for wasteelectrical and electronic equipment

Jian Li, Zhen Wang, Bao Jiang

期刊论文

Recycling Materials from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Jinhui Li

期刊论文

An updated review and conceptual model for optimizing WEEE management in China from a life cycle perspective

Xiaolong Song, Jingwei Wang, Jianxin Yang, Bin Lu

期刊论文

Comparison on End-of-Life strategies of WEEE in China based on LCA

Bin Lu, Xiaolong Song, Jianxin Yang, Dong Yang

期刊论文

Pyrolysis of WEEE plastics using catalysts produced from fly ash of coal gasification

Marika Benedetti, Lorenzo Cafiero, Doina De Angelis, Alessandro Dell’Era, Mauro Pasquali, Stefano Stendardo, Riccardo Tuffi, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti

期刊论文

Improvement potential of today’s WEEE recycling performance: The case of LCD TVs in Belgium

Paul Vanegas, Jef R. Peeters, Dirk Cattrysse, Wim Dewulf, Joost R. Duflou

期刊论文

我国电子废弃物处理处置技术路线选择研究

阎利,刘应宗,王靖

期刊论文

Thermal degradation characteristics and products obtained after pyrolysis of specific polymers found in WasteElectrical and Electronic Equipment

Evangelia C. Vouvoudi, Aristea T. Rousi, Dimitris S. Achilias

期刊论文

Electrochemistry during efficient copper recovery from complex electronic waste using ammonia based solutions

Zhi Sun, Hongbin Cao, Prakash Venkatesan, Wei Jin, Yanping Xiao, Jilt Sietsma, Yongxiang Yang

期刊论文

机电装备的失效分析、安全评定和无损检测

钟群鹏,武淮生,张峥,田永江

期刊论文

Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies

期刊论文

Recycling polymeric waste from electronic and automotive sectors into value added products

Abhishek Kumar, Veena Choudhary, Rita Khanna, Romina Cayumil, Muhammad Ikram-ul-Haq, Veena Sahajwalla, Shiva Kumar I. Angadi, Ganapathy E. Paruthy, Partha S. Mukherjee, Miles Park

期刊论文

中国电子雷管技术与应用

颜景龙

期刊论文

EEG-controlled functional electrical stimulation rehabilitation for chronic stroke: system design and

期刊论文